Journal: Biomaterials Research

Article Title: Optimizing the Surface Functionalization of Peptide–MXene Nanoplatforms to Amplify Tumor-Targeting Efficiency and Photothermal Therapy

doi: 10.34133/bmr.0198

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of MXene according to particle size. (A) A schematic diagram of MXene particle size control. (B) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) graph of MXene particle size distribution. (C) A schematic diagram of fabrication of tumor spheroids containing MXene particles. (D) Optical imaging of MXene spheroids for 2 d with different MXene concentrations (×200). (E) Diameter graph of tumor spheroids containing MXene. (F) Aspect ratio graph of tumor spheroids containing MXene. (G) Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of tumor spheroids with MXene (×2,000). (H) The temperature change curve of tumor spheroids with different MXene concentrations under irradiation with a laser power density (1.50 W/cm 2 ) for 10 min. (I) Temperature change curve for the laser on–off cycle of tumor spheroids containing MXene. Heating and cooling for 3 min, a total of 5 cycles (808 nm, 1.50 W/cm 2 ). (J) LIVE/DEAD staining images before and after the NIR laser irradiation of tumor spheroids for 10 min (green: live cells; red: dead cells) and (K) quantification of cell viability in each group. Scale bars: (D) 100, (G) 20, and (J) 200 μm. All data represent mean ± SD ( n = 3). * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001. The symbol * indicates comparisons with a control group.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the photothermal performance of MXene particles, the control group without MXene particles, the group with MXene microparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml), and the group with nanoparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml) were irradiated with NIR laser (MDL-III-808, CNI Laser, China) at a power of 1.5 W/cm 2 for 10 min.

Techniques: Control, Optical Imaging, Spectroscopy, Electron Microscopy, Irradiation, Staining

Journal: Biomaterials Research

Article Title: Optimizing the Surface Functionalization of Peptide–MXene Nanoplatforms to Amplify Tumor-Targeting Efficiency and Photothermal Therapy

doi: 10.34133/bmr.0198

Figure Lengend Snippet: Targeting ability of MXene@RGD in tumor spheroids. (A) Schematic diagram of tumor spheroid attachment and apoptosis of MXene@RGD. (B) Ti element mapping and SEM image of tumor spheroids (×800). (C) EDS elemental analysis graph of tumor spheroids. (D) Cell viability graph by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis. (E) The temperature change curve of tumor spheroids with a laser power density (1.50 W/cm 2 ) for 5 min. (F) LIVE/DEAD staining images after the NIR laser irradiation of tumor spheroids for 5 min (×200) (green: live cells; red: dead cells) and (G) quantification of cell viability in each group. (H) Immunofluorescent staining image of tumor spheroids (×630); green: Ki-67; red: annexin V; blue: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). (I) Quantification of immunofluorescent expression area and (J) expression intensity. Scale bars: (B) 50, (F) 100, and (H) 40 μm. All data represent mean ± SD ( n = 3 to 5). ** P < 0.01 and **** P < 0.0001. The symbol * indicates comparisons with a control group.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the photothermal performance of MXene particles, the control group without MXene particles, the group with MXene microparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml), and the group with nanoparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml) were irradiated with NIR laser (MDL-III-808, CNI Laser, China) at a power of 1.5 W/cm 2 for 10 min.

Techniques: Staining, Irradiation, Expressing, Control

Journal: Biomaterials Research

Article Title: Optimizing the Surface Functionalization of Peptide–MXene Nanoplatforms to Amplify Tumor-Targeting Efficiency and Photothermal Therapy

doi: 10.34133/bmr.0198

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selective targeting ability of other tumor spheroids and normal cell spheroids MXene@RGD. (A) Ti element mapping and SEM image of tumor spheroids (×800). (B) EDS elemental analysis graph of tumor spheroids. (C) Cell viability graph by MTT analysis. (D) The temperature change curve of tumor spheroids with a laser power density (1.50 W/cm 2 ) for 5 min. (E) LIVE/DEAD staining images after the NIR laser irradiation of tumor spheroids for 5 min (×200) (green: live cells; red: dead cells) and (F) quantification of cell viability in each group. (G) Immunofluorescent staining image of tumor spheroids (×630); green: Ki-67; red: annexin V; blue: DAPI. (H) Quantification of immunofluorescent expression area and (I) expression intensity. Scale bars: (A) 50, (E) 100, and (G) 40 μm. All data represent mean ± SD ( n = 3 to 5). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and **** P < 0.0001. The symbol * indicates comparisons with a control group.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the photothermal performance of MXene particles, the control group without MXene particles, the group with MXene microparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml), and the group with nanoparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml) were irradiated with NIR laser (MDL-III-808, CNI Laser, China) at a power of 1.5 W/cm 2 for 10 min.

Techniques: Staining, Irradiation, Expressing, Control

Journal: Biomaterials Research

Article Title: Optimizing the Surface Functionalization of Peptide–MXene Nanoplatforms to Amplify Tumor-Targeting Efficiency and Photothermal Therapy

doi: 10.34133/bmr.0198

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tumor targeting and tumor killing of MXene@RGD in vivo. (A) Schematic diagram of in vivo injection experiments of MXene@RGD. (B) Weight change curve graph of mice. (C) NIR-irradiated thermal imaging images of mice. (D) The temperature change curve of tumor spheroids with a laser power density (1.50 W/cm 2 ) for 5 min. (E) Gross images of mouse tumor for 21 d. (F) Tumor images of mice were taken 21 d later. (G) Gross images of the mice’s kidney. (H) Graph of the change in volume of tumor. (I) Graph of the change in weight of tumor. (J) Graph of the weight of the spleen. Scale bars: (E) 1, (F) 2, and (G) 1 cm. All data represent mean ± SD ( n = 7). **** P < 0.0001. The symbol * indicates comparisons with a PBS group.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the photothermal performance of MXene particles, the control group without MXene particles, the group with MXene microparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml), and the group with nanoparticles (10 and 50 μg/ml) were irradiated with NIR laser (MDL-III-808, CNI Laser, China) at a power of 1.5 W/cm 2 for 10 min.

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Irradiation, Imaging